Figure: PTEN in excitatory hippocampal synapse long-term depression (Human)¶
This diagram illustrates the molecular pathway of PTEN involvement in excitatory hippocampal synapse long-term depression, based on the GO-CAM model 62900b6400001630.
The pathway begins with L-glutamate binding to the NMDA receptor complex in the postsynaptic density. This activates DLG4 (PSD-95), which acts as a synaptic receptor adaptor that then activates PTEN. PTEN, through its phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity, regulates β-catenin (CTNNB1), which translocates to the nucleus. In the nucleus, β-catenin functions as a transcription coactivator, promoting expression of the SLC6A20 gene. The resulting SLC6A20 protein is transported to the postsynaptic membrane where it functions as a glycine transporter, importing glycine across the plasma membrane.
The diagram is color-coded to distinguish different molecular components: red for small molecules (glutamate, glycine), orange for receptors (NMDA receptor), green for adaptor proteins (DLG4), blue for enzymes (PTEN), purple for transcription factors (β-catenin), and yellow for transporters (SLC6A20). Solid arrows indicate direct activation or regulatory relationships, while dashed arrows represent gene expression.
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{"feedback":"This diagram effectively illustrates the pathway of PTEN involvement in excitatory hippocampal synapse long-term depression. It clearly shows the sequence of molecular events from glutamate binding to the NMDA receptor, through DLG4 and PTEN activation, to β-catenin-mediated transcription and SLC6A20 expression leading to glycine transport. The cellular compartments are well-defined, with the presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic density, and nucleus clearly demarcated. The color-coding system helps distinguish different types of molecular components, making the diagram more intuitive to understand. The addition of text labels for each interaction clarifies the nature of each step in the pathway. The legend provides a comprehensive explanation of the diagram's components and complements the visual representation well.","necessary_changes":null,"optional_changes":null}