Figure: Insulin receptor signalling pathway 3 (Mouse)¶
Legend: - Ins1, Ins2: Mouse insulin ligands that initiate signaling - Insr: Insulin receptor with tyrosine kinase activity - Irs1, Irs2: Insulin receptor substrate adaptor proteins - Grb2: Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (adaptor) - Sos1, Sos2: Son of sevenless guanine nucleotide exchange factors - Hras: Small GTPase that mediates downstream signaling
The diagram shows the canonical insulin receptor signaling pathway in mouse cells. The pathway begins with insulin ligands (Ins1, Ins2) binding to the insulin receptor (Insr) at the cell surface. This binding activates the receptor's tyrosine kinase domain, leading to autophosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (Irs1, Irs2). These phosphorylated adaptor proteins then recruit Grb2, which in turn activates the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Sos1 and Sos2. The Sos proteins promote GDP/GTP exchange on Hras, activating this small GTPase and initiating downstream signaling cascades.
Feedback from AI on figure:
{"feedback":"The insulin receptor signaling pathway diagram effectively captures the key components and interactions in this important cellular process. The visual representation clearly shows the flow of signaling from extracellular insulin binding through the plasma membrane receptor to the cytoplasmic signaling cascade.\n\nThe organization of molecules aligns with their biological sequence of activation, making it easy to follow the pathway's progression. The color-coding and distinct shapes for different types of proteins (ligands, receptors, adaptors, and GTPases) helps viewers quickly identify the functional classes of molecules involved.\n\nText labels are appropriately sized and positioned to ensure readability, and the inclusion of interaction labels (binding, phosphorylation, recruitment, activation) provides additional context about the nature of each step in the pathway.\n\nThe legend effectively explains the symbols used and provides important functional context, while the cellular compartment labels (extracellular, plasma membrane, cytoplasm) anchor the pathway in its biological context.","necessary_changes":null,"optional_changes":null}