Figure: NOD2 localization to the plasma membrane following palmitoylation by ZDHHC5 (Human)¶
The diagram illustrates the NOD2 localization pathway in human cells, regulated by ZDHHC5-mediated palmitoylation. The process begins with ZDHHC5 (a palmitoyltransferase) at the plasma membrane palmitoylating cytoplasmic NOD2 (step 1), which facilitates NOD2 localization to the plasma membrane (step 2). At the membrane, NOD2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor, binding muramyl dipeptide from bacterial cell walls (step 3). Activated NOD2 then recruits and activates RIPK2, which serves as a signaling adaptor (step 4). RIPK2 signaling (step 5) leads to interaction with XIAP in the cytoplasm, which functions as a ubiquitin ligase and performs K63-linked ubiquitination of RIPK2 (step 6). This signaling cascade is critical for innate immune responses to bacterial infection. The pathway represents key biological processes including protein localization to plasma membrane, response to muramyl dipeptide, NOD2 signaling, and K63-linked ubiquitination.
Feedback from AI on figure:
{"feedback":"The diagram effectively illustrates the NOD2 pathway with visual clarity and scientific accuracy. I've made several enhancements to the original drawing:\n\n1. Added numbered flow indicators (①-⑥) to clearly show the sequence of events\n2. Improved text size and placement for better readability\n3. Added functional descriptions for each protein\n4. Created a boxed section highlighting key biological processes\n5. Enhanced the title with a more descriptive subtitle\n6. Used colors consistently to distinguish different proteins\n7. Maintained appropriate cellular compartmentalization (plasma membrane, cytoplasm)\n\nThe diagram now effectively communicates both the spatial relationships and temporal sequence of events in this pathway, suitable for publication in high-impact journals like Cell or Nature.","necessary_changes":null,"optional_changes":null}