Figure: Heme O biosynthetic process (Mouse)¶
The diagram illustrates the Heme O biosynthetic pathway in mouse cells, showing the sequential enzymatic reactions across three distinct cellular compartments: cytosol (green), mitochondrial intermembrane space (blue), and mitochondrial matrix (red).
The pathway begins in the mitochondrial matrix with Alas1 (5-aminolevulinate synthase) converting succinyl-CoA and glycine to 5-aminolevulinate, which is transported to the cytosol. In the cytosol, the pathway continues with Alad (porphobilinogen synthase) converting 5-aminolevulinate to porphobilinogen. Hmbs (hydroxymethylbilane synthase) then converts porphobilinogen to preuroporphyrinogen, followed by Uros (uroporphyrinogen-III synthase) and Urod (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase) producing coproporphyrinogen III.
The pathway then moves to the mitochondrial intermembrane space where Cpox (coproporphyrinogen oxidase) and Ppox (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) convert coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrin. Finally, in the mitochondrial matrix, Fech (ferrochelatase) incorporates Fe²⁺ to form ferroheme b, which is then converted to Heme O by Cox10 (protoheme IX farnesyltransferase) using farnesyl diphosphate as a substrate.
The diagram highlights the compartmentalization of heme biosynthesis and the specialized enzymes required for each step of the pathway.
Feedback from AI on figure:
{"feedback":"This SVG drawing effectively illustrates the Heme O biosynthetic pathway in mouse cells with clarity and professional styling appropriate for a scientific journal. The strengths of this diagram include:\n\n1. Clear compartmentalization of cellular regions using distinct color schemes that help distinguish between cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, and mitochondrial intermembrane space.\n\n2. Well-labeled enzymes with appropriate connectivity showing the pathway progression through different cellular compartments.\n\n3. Readable font sizes with consistent styling for different types of text (enzymes, substrates, compartments).\n\n4. Proper indication of substrate inputs and outputs for each enzymatic reaction.\n\n5. Inclusion of transport processes between compartments, which is critical for understanding the complete pathway.\n\n6. A comprehensive legend that makes the diagram interpretable and scientifically accurate.","necessary_changes":null,"optional_changes":null}