Figure: Regulation of aggrephagy via phosphorylation of SQSTM1 by CK2 (Human).¶
This figure illustrates the molecular pathway of aggrephagy regulation via phosphorylation of SQSTM1 (p62) by CK2 (Casein Kinase 2) in human cells. The process occurs in distinct stages:
① CK2 (CSNK2A1) phosphorylates SQSTM1 in the cytosol, initiating the positive regulation of aggrephagy.
② Phosphorylated SQSTM1 exhibits molecular condensate scaffold activity, contributing to the assembly of intracellular membraneless organelles where protein aggregates are processed.
③ SQSTM1 recognizes and binds to ubiquitinated protein aggregates through its ubiquitin-modified protein reader activity, a critical step in aggrephagy.
④ SQSTM1 functions as a protein-macromolecule adaptor, facilitating the targeting of ubiquitinated protein aggregates to the autophagosome for subsequent degradation.
This pathway represents a key mechanism for cellular quality control through selective autophagy of protein aggregates.
Feedback from AI on figure:
{"feedback":"The drawing effectively illustrates the process of aggrephagy regulation via phosphorylation of SQSTM1 by CK2 in human cells. The diagram presents a clear visual narrative of the pathway, using appropriate cellular compartments (cytosol, membraneless organelle, and autophagosome) and distinct visual elements to represent each protein and process.\n\nThe use of numbered steps (①-④) creates an easy-to-follow progression through the pathway, with each step clearly labeled both on the diagram and in the comprehensive legend. The color coding effectively distinguishes between different cellular components and molecular entities. The spatial arrangement logically represents the progression of SQSTM1 from its initial phosphorylation in the cytosol to its final role in the autophagosome.\n\nThe inclusion of GO terms for each process and cellular location adds scientific precision while maintaining visual clarity. The overall design achieves a good balance between scientific accuracy and visual accessibility, making it suitable for publication in high-impact journals like Cell or Nature.","necessary_changes":null,"optional_changes":null}